What is colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a medical procedure performed to carefully examine the cervix, vagina and vulva for any abnormal areas that may conceal precancerous lesions or invasive cancer. ΣIt is usually performed when a woman has an abnormal Pap test result or when there is a possible damage during the test. Colposcopy can help detect precancerous or cancerous cells, as well as other conditions such as genital warts or inflammation. If abnormal areas are found during a colposcopy, a biopsy may be taken for further analysis. 

Why might I need a colposcopy?

Colposcopy is indicated in many cases, such as:

Abnormal Pap test results: If your Pap test shows abnormal changes in your cervical cells, a colposcopy may be recommended for further examination of the area.

HPV infection: If you are positive for the human papillomavirus (HPV), a colposcopy may be recommended to check for any abnormal areas on your cervix.

Unusual vaginal bleeding: If you experience unusual vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods or after sex, a colposcopy may be recommended to investigate the cause of the bleeding.

Genital warts: If you have visible genital warts, a colposcopy may be recommended for further testing.

What happens during a colposcopy?

During a colposcopy, you lie on your back on an examination table with your legs in stirrups, similar to a pelvic exam. The doctor inserts a vaginal dilator into your vagina to keep it open and allow for better identification of the cervix. Then, with the help of a colposcope, which is a special instrument that looks like a large microscope, carefully examine the cervix, vagina and vulva for any abnormal areas. The colposcope does not touch your body, but is placed near the genital area to provide a magnified view of the tissues. The whole procedure usually takes about 15 minutes and is performed in the doctor's office. You may feel some mild discomfort or cramping during the procedure, but it is generally well tolerated and most women can resume normal activities immediately afterwards. If abnormal areas are detected, the doctor may perform a biopsy, which involves taking a small sample of tissue from the affected area for further analysis. This is usually done with a small tool inserted through the atrial septum.